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Turkey
"Turkish citizenship gave us the E-2 visa pathway to the USA we needed. Real estate investment was straightforward and program delivered as promised."
Citizenship by Investment
- Investment options: $400,000 real estate (must hold 3 years), $500,000 capital investment, $500,000 government bonds (3 years), 50-employee job creation, or $500,000 bank deposit (3 years)
- Real estate most popular route (Istanbul, coastal areas)
- Processing 3-6 months (one of the fastest citizenship programs)
- Includes spouse and dependent children under 18
- Full citizenship with voting rights, not just residency
- Visa-free access to 110+ countries (not including Schengen, but includes many Asian, African, Latin American countries)
- E-2 treaty with USA: Turkish citizens can apply for E-2 investor visa to live and work in USA
Company Formation
- Limited Şirket (Ltd. Şti.) or Anonim Şirket (A.Ş.) structures
- 20% corporate tax rate (23% from 2024 for larger companies)
- VAT 18% standard rate
- Strategic location: access to EU customs union, Middle East, Central Asia, Russia
- Manufacturing hub for automotive, textiles, electronics, agriculture
- Growing startup ecosystem in Istanbul (fintech, e-commerce, SaaS)
- Substance required: local operations, accounting, tax compliance
- Bureaucracy and currency volatility (Turkish Lira) challenges
Tax & Economic Considerations
- Personal income tax progressive up to 40%
- Capital gains tax on securities 0% if held >2 years
- Real estate gains taxed (progressive rates)
- Withholding tax on dividends 10% (reduced under treaties)
- Treaty network 80+ countries
- Currency risk significant (Turkish Lira volatility high)
- Inflation elevated in recent years
- Economic reforms and liberalization ongoing
Strategic Benefits & Considerations
- E-2 visa pathway to USA (major attraction for entrepreneurs targeting American market)
- Bridge between Europe, Asia, Middle East (geographic and cultural)
- Large domestic market (85M population)
- Young, growing workforce
- Political and economic volatility considerations
- Security situation varies by region (major cities generally safe)
- Improving infrastructure and connectivity
- Strong cultural and historical significance
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Important Notice: Aventarys Group connects clients with licensed third-party professionals. We do not provide legal, tax, accounting, or financial advice. All services are delivered by independent licensed providers. Clients should consult their own legal and tax advisors before making any decisions.
